Sources

Q1 – BBC News (2018) – Anne Goldgar https://www.bbc.com/news/business-44067178
Last accessed: 28.03.2026
"Prof Goldgar says that while some flowers saw prices as high as 5,000 guilders - the cost of a nice house - these were very rare. 'I found only 37 people who spent more than 400 guilders on flowers at any point at that time.'"
Q2 – Semper Augustus Tulip Price Timeline (2021) https://www.semperaugustus.com/semper-augustus
Last accessed: 28.03.2026
"From a 1623 value of 1,000 guilders, or florins, a single bulb was reportedly sold for 5,500 guilders in 1633 and saw a 10,000 guilder asking price in February 1637, just before the bubble burst and prices cratered more than 90% to a fraction of 1623 prices."
Q3 – The Tulip Mania Crash (2021) – Semper Augustus https://www.semperaugustus.com/semper-augustus
Last accessed: 28.03.2026
"Prices cratered more than 90% to a fraction of 1623 prices."
Q4 – Investopedia – Dutch Tulip Bulb Market Bubble https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dutch_tulip_bulb_market_bubble.asp
Last accessed: 28.03.2026
"The bubble had burst by the end of 1637. Buyers declared they couldn't pay the previously agreed high prices for bulbs, causing the market to collapse. It wasn’t a devastating occurrence for the nation’s economy, but it did undermine social expectations."
Q5 – Investopedia – Dutch Tulip Bulb Market Bubble https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dutch_tulip_bulb_market_bubble.asp
Last accessed: 28.03.2026
"The author said that those defaults caused a certain level of “cultural shock” in an economy based on trade and extensive credit relationships."
Q6 – ResearchGate (2024) – Bitcoin vs. Tulip Mania https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385584972_IS_BITCOIN_THE_BLACK_TULIP_OF_THE_21ST_CENTURY
Last accessed: 28.03.2026
"Bitcoin has gradually separated itself from the tulip frenzy. As an electronic payment system and investment instrument, it has integrated itself into the modern financial system, unlike the tulip mania, a strictly speculative bubble with limited utility."

Graphic Sources

VG1 – AI-generated image
Created with OpenAI DALL·E (text-to-image model), based on a custom prompt by the author.
VG2 – AI-generated image
Created with OpenAI DALL·E (text-to-image model), based on a custom prompt by the author.
VG3 – AI-generated image
Created with OpenAI DALL·E (text-to-image model), based on a custom prompt by the author.